Long Haul Trucking Industry Terminology
Accessorial Charges
Additional fees beyond the base linehaul rate for extra services or delays (e.g., detention, layover, lumper, driver assist, liftgate, stop-off, reconsignment).
Quote is $2.25/mile plus accessorials; Detention and TONU are billed as accessorials; Confirm accessorial rates on the rate con before dispatch.
Axle Weight
The weight carried by a single axle or axle group; regulated by federal and state limits and adjusted via tandem slide or fifth-wheel position.
Slide the tandems to balance the axle weights; We were 800 lbs over on the drives; The scale ticket shows steer, drive, and tandem axle weights.
Backhaul
A load moving a truck back toward its home market or next headhaul origin, often at a lower rate.
We need a backhaul out of Florida; Backhaul rates are softer than headhaul; Use the backhaul to cover fuel on the return.
Bill of Lading (BOL)
The legal document issued by the shipper that serves as a contract of carriage, a receipt for goods, and sometimes a document of title; lists parties, commodity, weight, piece count, and special instructions.
Have the consignee sign and date the BOL for POD; Verify the seal number matches the BOL; Use the BOL number to check in at the guard shack.
Bobtailing
Operating the tractor without a trailer attached; drives and brakes differently and may require specific insurance coverage.
I bobtailed to the shipper after dropping; Be careful braking when bobtailing in rain; Bobtail coverage is separate from NTL.
Broker (Freight Broker)
A licensed intermediary that arranges transportation between shippers and carriers without owning the trucks; holds broker authority and bond.
The broker tendered the load via EDI 204; Ask the broker for a revised rate con; Check the broker's credit before accepting quick pay.
CDL (Commercial Driver's License)
A state-issued license required to operate commercial motor vehicles, with classes (A/B/C) and endorsements (e.g., T, N, H, X).
You need a Class A CDL for a tractor-trailer; He added the hazmat endorsement to his CDL; A restriction limits him to automatic transmissions.
Chain Law
Regulations requiring tire chains or approved traction devices under certain winter conditions on designated routes.
Colorado chain law is in effect on I-70; Carry enough chains for the drives and trailers; Failure to chain can lead to fines and delays.
Consignee
The party receiving the freight (delivery location), responsible for unloading and signing POD.
Call the consignee for an appointment time; The consignee requires a lumper for unload; Get the consignee's stamp on the BOL.
CSA Score
A carrier's or driver's safety measurement under FMCSA's Compliance, Safety, Accountability program across BASIC categories.
High CSA scores can trigger more inspections; Tires impact the Vehicle Maintenance BASIC; Clean inspections help improve CSA metrics.
DAC Report
A driver background report (Drive-A-Check) used by carriers to verify employment history, accidents, and performance; drivers can dispute errors.
Request your DAC before applying; That preventable accident is on his DAC; We updated HR to correct the DAC entry.
Deadhead
Miles driven without a paying load (empty) between loads; reduces revenue and utilization.
It's a 75-mile deadhead to the pickup; We try to minimize deadhead in that market; Deadhead eats into the all-in rate.
Detention Pay
Compensation for time a truck is held at shipper or consignee beyond agreed free time (commonly 1–2 hours).
Detention starts after 2 hours, $75/hour; Log in/out times on the BOL to claim detention; Broker approved detention via email.
Dispatch (Dispatcher)
The function/person coordinating loads, communication, routing, and problem resolution between drivers and customers.
Call dispatch for new instructions; Dispatch updated the ETA in the TMS; She handles night dispatch on weekends.
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)
Standardized electronic messaging between shippers, brokers, and carriers for tenders, updates, and invoices (e.g., 204, 214, 210).
The load tender came via EDI 204; Send an EDI 214 location update; Invoice with EDI 210 after POD.
ELD (Electronic Logging Device)
A device that records driving time and duty status to ensure Hours of Service compliance; synchronized with the CMV engine.
The ELD flagged a violation risk; Use split sleeper in the ELD to manage time; Logs must be transferable during inspections.
ETA/ETD (Estimated Time of Arrival/Departure)
Projected arrival and departure times used for planning, appointments, and visibility.
Current ETA is 14:30 local; Update ETD after you get a door assignment; Customer requires a 30-minute ETA notification.
FMCSA (Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration)
The U.S. agency regulating interstate trucking safety, driver hours, equipment standards, and carrier authority.
FMCSA updated guidance on HOS split; Our DOT audit is by FMCSA; Check carrier authority status in FMCSA portals.
Fuel Surcharge (FSC)
A variable charge indexed to diesel prices to offset fuel cost volatility; paid in addition to linehaul.
Contract includes weekly FSC based on DOE index; All-in rate or linehaul plus FSC?; FSC this week is $0.42 per mile.
GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating)
The maximum allowable loaded weight of a single vehicle as rated by the manufacturer; affects licensing and compliance.
The tractor's GVWR is on the door sticker; CDL requirements depend on GVWR/GCWR; Stay under axle limits and GVWR.
HAZMAT (Hazardous Materials)
Regulated dangerous goods requiring special training, endorsements, placards, and documentation per 49 CFR.
This is a hazmat load, class 3; Confirm placards and ERG info before departure; Hazmat requires an X endorsement.
Hours of Service (HOS)
Federal limits on driving and on-duty time (e.g., 11-hour drive within a 14-hour window, 30-minute break, 60/70-hour rule, 34-hour restart, split sleeper options).
I'm out of hours until my 34 resets; Use an 8/2 split to make the delivery; The ELD shows a 14-hour violation risk.
IFTA (International Fuel Tax Agreement)
A multistate agreement for reporting and paying fuel taxes based on miles driven and fuel purchased; requires decals and quarterly filings.
Keep fuel receipts for IFTA; IFTA mileage by jurisdiction is in the ELD; We filed Q2 IFTA last week.
JIT (Just-in-Time)
A supply strategy minimizing inventory by scheduling deliveries to arrive exactly when needed; tight appointment windows and high on-time expectations.
This is a JIT delivery to the plant; Carrier penalties apply for late JIT loads; Plan extra time for JIT dock congestion.
Kingpin
The steel pin on the trailer that locks into the tractor's fifth wheel; also used in measuring trailer legality (kingpin-to-axle).
Grease the fifth wheel and inspect the kingpin; Check kingpin-to-tandem distance for local laws; A high hook can damage the kingpin.
Lane Rate
The price to move freight between two points (a lane), influenced by supply/demand balance, seasonality, and equipment type.
The lane rate from Dallas to Atlanta softened; We locked in a contract lane rate; Spot lane rates spiked after the storm.
Layover Pay
Compensation when a driver must wait overnight (or more) due to shipper/consignee delays or scheduling issues.
Layover is $250 per 24 hours; We approved layover because the receiver was closed; Document the reason for layover in messages.
Linehaul
The base transportation charge for moving freight from origin to destination, excluding accessorials and fuel surcharge.
Linehaul is $1,800 plus FSC; Separate linehaul from detention on the invoice; Linehaul rates increased this quarter.
LTL (Less-Than-Truckload)
Shipments that don't require a full trailer; consolidated with others, using hubs and terminals and class-based pricing.
This is moving LTL at class 70; LTL has more handling than TL; Expect a longer transit with LTL consolidation.
Lumper Fee
A charge for third-party labor to load or unload at a facility, typically reimbursed with receipt and approval.
Get a comcheck for the lumper fee; Submit the lumper receipt with your POD; Broker pre-approved $180 for lumpers.
MVR (Motor Vehicle Record)
An official driving history from a state DMV used to screen drivers for violations and accidents.
Clean MVR required for hire; An old DUI is still on his MVR; Insurance audits review our drivers' MVRs.
NTL (Non-Trucking Liability)
Insurance covering the tractor when it's not under dispatch for business use (distinct from primary or bobtail liability).
NTL doesn't cover you on a loaded trip; He added NTL for personal use of the tractor; Bobtail and NTL are different coverages.
OS&D (Overage, Shortage, and Damage)
Discrepancies between shipped and delivered goods; must be documented and reported immediately to protect claims.
Call in OS&D before leaving the dock; Take photos of the damage for OS&D; Receiver noted a shortage on the BOL as OS&D.
Owner-Operator
A driver who owns (or leases) the truck and operates as an independent contractor, either leased to a carrier or under own authority.
As an owner-operator he pays his own fuel and insurance; She leased on to a carrier for dispatch and freight; Running under your own authority means handling compliance and billing.
Overweight Permit
Authorization allowing movement of loads exceeding statutory weight limits under specified routes and conditions.
We secured a trip permit for the overweight load; Axle spacing matters for overweight permits; The permit route avoids restricted bridges.
OTR (Over-the-Road)
Long-haul trucking over interstate distances, typically involving nights away and multi-day trips.
He prefers OTR to regional; OTR drivers average 2,800 miles a week; OTR pay is per mile plus accessorials.
POD (Proof of Delivery)
Evidence that freight was delivered as tendered, usually a signed and dated BOL or electronic confirmation.
Upload the POD to get paid; Receiver's stamp serves as POD; ePOD came through the app instantly.
Pre-Trip Inspection (PTI)
A required inspection of the tractor and trailer before driving, checking safety-critical items and documenting defects (DVIR).
Do a thorough PTI before leaving the yard; PTI caught a bad tire on the trailer; Log your PTI in the ELD.
Quick Pay
An optional broker/carrier program that pays invoices faster for a fee or discounted rate.
Quick pay is 3% for payment in 2 days; We use factoring instead of quick pay; Only accept quick pay with reputable brokers.
Rate Confirmation
A written agreement (often from a broker) confirming the load details, agreed rate, accessorial terms, and special requirements.
Sign the rate con and send it back; Detention must be listed on the rate confirmation; Verify pickup numbers on the rate con.
Reefer (Refrigerated Trailer)
A temperature-controlled trailer with an engine-driven unit; requires monitoring setpoint, fuel, and mode (continuous or start/stop).
Set the reefer to 34°F continuous; Top off the reefer tank before pickup; Record pulp temperatures at loading.
Roadcheck (CVSA International Roadcheck)
An annual, high-volume, 72-hour enforcement event focusing on inspections and a specific safety emphasis area.
Roadcheck focuses on brakes this year; Expect more Level I inspections during Roadcheck; Make sure your logs and equipment are clean for Roadcheck.
Securement (Cargo Securement)
Methods and equipment used to prevent cargo movement (straps, chains, binders, load bars, blocking/bracing) per 49 CFR 393.
Flatbed securement requires edge protectors; Retighten chains after 50 miles; Use load bars for dry van securement.
Shipper
The party tendering freight (origin), responsible for loading and documentation.
Arrive early at the shipper for check-in; The shipper requires a pickup number; Shipper loaded heavy on the tail—slide tandems.
Sleeper Berth
The compartment in a tractor for rest; used in HOS compliance for off-duty/sleeper time and split sleeper provisions.
He took 8 hours in the sleeper; Split sleeper can preserve drive time; Team trucks have double bunks in the sleeper.
Spot Market
On-demand freight where rates are negotiated load-by-load, typically via brokers and load boards; more volatile than contract.
Spot rates surged after the holiday; We filled gaps with spot freight; This lane is better on contract than spot.
Tandem Slide
Adjusting the trailer's tandem axle position to redistribute weight across axles for legal compliance and handling.
Slide the tandems up two holes; We were heavy on the tail—tandems moved forward; Lock the pins before pulling away.
Third-Party Logistics (3PL)
A provider that manages logistics functions for shippers (transportation, warehousing, brokerage, visibility, and optimization).
Our 3PL handles carrier procurement; The 3PL's TMS gives tracking updates; We outsourced consolidation to a 3PL.
TONU (Truck Order Not Used)
A fee paid when a confirmed load is canceled after the truck has been dispatched or arrived.
Claim TONU if they cancel at the gate; TONU is $150 per the rate con; We need written confirmation to bill TONU.
Weigh Station
A roadside facility (port of entry/scale house) where commercial vehicles are weighed and may be inspected for compliance.
Follow the sign—scale is open; Bypass granted via transponder; Pulled around back for a Level I at the weigh station.
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