Brokers, Estate Agents, Sales and Lettings Agencies Industry Terminology
Agreement in Principle (AIP)
A lender’s initial indication of how much they may lend to a buyer, usually following a soft credit check; also called a Decision in Principle (DIP).
Please send your AIP so the vendor knows you’re proceedable.; Her AIP expires next week, so we should push to exchange.; We prefer offers from buyers with an AIP in place.
Anti-Money Laundering (AML)
Regulations requiring estate/letting agents and brokers to verify identity, screen for sanctions/PEPs, and confirm source of funds/source of wealth.
We can’t list the property until AML checks are complete.; Source-of-funds evidence is needed for AML compliance.; Our AML policy includes ongoing monitoring and record-keeping.
Assured Shorthold Tenancy (AST)
The most common residential tenancy in England; sets rights and obligations, with deposit protection and statutory notice procedures.
This tenancy will be an AST for 12 months with a 6-month break.; The deposit must be protected within 30 days under an AST.; Section 21 applies only to ASTs meeting specific conditions.
Break Clause
A contractual term allowing landlord or tenant (or both) to end a lease/tenancy early, subject to notice and conditions.
There’s a mutual 6-month break clause in the tenancy.; Be careful: the break requires all rent to be paid up to date.; The tenant served the break; the lease ends in three months.
Bridging Loan
Short-term finance used to purchase property quickly, often bridging a timing gap (e.g., before sale proceeds or longer-term mortgage complete).
We can complete in 14 days using a bridge.; Chain break? A bridging loan might keep the purchase alive.; Rates are higher on bridging than standard mortgages.
Buy-to-Let (BTL)
A property purchased to rent out, usually financed with a BTL mortgage; investors focus on yield, voids, and compliance.
This flat would suit BTL investors at a 6.2% gross yield.; BTL lenders stress-test rental income against the mortgage.; We manage several BTL portfolios across the city.
Chain (Property Chain)
Linked transactions where each completion depends on another; chains can fail if one link collapses.
It’s chain-free, so we can move quickly.; The chain is six long—higher fall-through risk.; We’re waiting on the bottom of the chain to get a mortgage offer.
Comparative Market Analysis (CMA)
An agent’s analysis of comparable sales/lets, market trends, and property attributes to recommend a pricing/asking strategy.
Our CMA supports an asking price of £525,000.; The CMA shows 17 days-on-market for similar homes.; We’ll update the CMA after the EPC and photos arrive.
Conveyancing
The legal process of transferring property ownership, including searches, enquiries, exchange of contracts, and completion.
Conveyancing searches are back within five days.; We’re awaiting replies to enquiries from the seller’s solicitor.; Good sales progression speeds up conveyancing.
Deposit
In sales, the exchange deposit (often 10%); in lettings, a holding deposit (capped at one week’s rent) and a tenancy deposit (capped and protected).
A one-week holding deposit will reserve the property.; We took a 10% deposit on exchange.; The tenancy deposit must be protected in an approved scheme.
Due Diligence
Investigations and checks on a property, buyer/tenant, and transaction risks (legal, financial, planning, compliance).
Please complete DD on title, planning, and restrictive covenants.; Investor DD includes NOI, service charges, and void assumptions.; Our AML/KYC sits within the firm’s wider due diligence process.
Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR)
A report on the safety of fixed electrical installations; in England, most rented homes require an EICR at least every five years.
We can’t move tenants in until the EICR is satisfactory.; The EICR flagged C2 items—remedials are booked.; Upload the EICR to the compliance pack.
Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)
A rating (A–G) of a property’s energy efficiency; required for marketing; certain lettings must meet minimum standards (MEES).
The EPC is a C—great for rental demand.; We need the EPC before the listing can go live.; MEES exemptions must be documented if the EPC is F/G.
Exchange of Contracts
The point at which buyer and seller become legally bound to complete; a deposit is paid and a completion date is set.
We exchanged today; completion is in two weeks.; Insurance should start at exchange.; Delay exchange until the mortgage offer is issued.
Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)
The UK regulator overseeing mortgage advisers/brokers and certain financial promotions; requires authorisation and compliance.
Our brokerage is FCA-authorised and regulated.; That advert needs FCA-compliant wording.; An AR (Appointed Representative) arrangement may suit a new broker.
Freehold
Ownership of a property and land for an unlimited time, subject to any restrictions on the title.
It’s freehold—no ground rent or lease extension required.; The title shows freehold with a right of way.; Houses are often freehold; many flats are leasehold.
Gazumping
When a seller accepts a higher offer from another buyer after agreeing (pre-exchange) to sell to someone else.
We got gazumped before exchange.; A lock-out agreement could reduce gazumping risk.; Gazumping is more common in hot markets.
Ground Rent
A periodic rent payable by a leaseholder to the freeholder; many new leases now set ground rent to a ‘peppercorn’.
The ground rent doubles every 10 years—be cautious.; Ground rent reforms impact mortgageability.; What’s the ground rent and review mechanism?
Guarantor
A person or entity that guarantees a tenant’s obligations (rent, damages) under a tenancy; often used for students or new-to-UK tenants.
A UK-based guarantor is required for this tenancy.; Obtain a deed of guarantee alongside the AST.; The guarantor must pass affordability checks.
Heads of Terms
A non-binding summary of key commercial terms agreed in principle before drafting the formal contract/lease.
Let’s issue Heads of Terms to both solicitors.; The HoTs will set rent, term, and break dates.; Clear HoTs speed up legal drafting.
House in Multiple Occupation (HMO)
A property occupied by three or more people forming more than one household, sharing facilities; often requires licensing and may need planning consent.
This is a licensable HMO under the Housing Act.; Article 4 restricts new HMOs in this area.; HMO management regs cover fire doors and alarms.
Instruction (to Market)
When a vendor or landlord formally appoints an agent to market their property, often under a sole or multiple agency agreement.
We’ve won the instruction on Elm Street.; The client switched the instruction to a multiple agency.; Your tie-in period is three months from instruction.
Inventory and Check-in/Check-out
A detailed schedule of condition and contents at move-in and move-out; supports fair deposit deductions and dispute resolution.
Use an independent clerk for the inventory.; The check-out noted carpet damage—seek quotes.; Upload inventory photos to the TDP evidence.
Joint Tenancy
A single tenancy held by multiple tenants with joint and several liability; in ownership, a form of co-ownership with survivorship.
All four students sign one joint tenancy.; Joint and several liability means each tenant is liable for the full rent.; Consider tenants in common if the buyers want distinct shares.
Know Your Customer (KYC)
Processes to verify identity, assess risk, and screen clients (e.g., sanctions, PEPs); part of AML compliance.
We’ll run KYC before sending the memorandum of sale.; Enhanced KYC is needed for higher-risk profiles.; Store KYC records per our retention policy.
Land Registry (HM Land Registry)
The official register of property ownership in England and Wales; provides title registers and title plans.
Order official copies from Land Registry.; The title plan shows the parking space boundary.; We’ll register the transfer after completion.
Leasehold
Ownership for a fixed term under a lease with obligations (ground rent, service charge); extensions and enfranchisement may apply.
The lease has 78 years left—consider a lease extension.; Service charges are £2,100 per annum.; Check lease covenants on pets and subletting.
Material Information (Trading Standards)
Key facts that must be disclosed in property listings (Parts A, B, C), such as price, tenure, council tax band, utilities, parking, and restrictions.
Add council tax and tenure to meet Material Information rules.; We can’t list until we’ve confirmed utilities and broadband.; Omitting lease length breaches CPRs via Material Information.
Memorandum of Sale
A non-binding summary issued after an offer is accepted, confirming parties, price, property details, and solicitors—kick-starts conveyancing.
We’ll circulate the memorandum of sale today.; What’s the buyer’s solicitor for the memo?; Use the memo to open your sale progression file.
Net Internal Area (NIA)
A commercial property measurement of usable internal floor area, excluding common areas like stairwells and WCs.
The office has 4,200 sq ft NIA.; Rent is quoted per sq ft NIA.; Check if the measurement is NIA or GIA.
Non-Resident Landlord (NRL) Scheme
HMRC scheme requiring agents/tenants to deduct basic rate tax from rent paid to overseas landlords unless HMRC approval to pay gross is granted.
We’re registered under NRL to manage deductions.; Obtain the NRL approval letter before paying gross.; Account for NRL in landlord onboarding.
Off-Market
A property marketed discreetly without public portal listings; often used for high-end or test-the-water sales.
We’ll approach our hot buyers off-market first.; Off-market deals can command a premium.; The seller prefers a quiet off-market campaign.
OIEO (Offers in Excess Of)
A pricing phrase indicating the seller seeks offers above the quoted figure.
Listed at OIEO £500,000.; The vendor will consider OIEO with short chains.; OIEO generates competitive bidding in strong markets.
Proof of Funds
Evidence that a buyer has the money to proceed (e.g., bank statement, equity release letter, solicitor confirmation).
Please provide proof of funds with your offer.; Auction purchases require upfront proof of funds.; The developer will exchange on proof of funds only.
Propertymark (ARLA/NAEA)
UK professional body representing letting (ARLA) and estate (NAEA) agents; membership signals training, standards, and client money protection.
We’re Propertymark members with CMP cover.; ARLA-qualified staff handle compliance.; Display your Propertymark certificate in-branch.
Qualify the Buyer/Tenant
The process of verifying motivation, budget, readiness, and constraints (chain status, timescales, references).
Let’s qualify the buyer before booking a second viewing.; Pre-qualify tenants to reduce failed applications.; Ask about AIP, deposit size, and chain.
Redress Scheme (TPO/PRS)
Approved schemes that handle consumer complaints about agents; UK agents must belong to a redress scheme (e.g., The Property Ombudsman, Property Redress Scheme).
Our office is registered with TPO.; Include redress scheme details on your website.; Use the internal complaints procedure before escalating to redress.
RICS Red Book Valuation
A formal valuation conducted in accordance with the RICS Valuation – Global Standards (“Red Book”), used for lending, tax, and legal purposes.
The bank requires a Red Book valuation.; Probate valuations must be Red Book compliant.; This is not a Red Book valuation—just a market appraisal.
Right to Rent Checks
Legal requirement in England for landlords/agents to check a tenant’s eligibility to rent, retain copies, and perform follow-up checks where required.
We’ll verify passports and share codes for Right to Rent.; Missed follow-ups risk civil penalties.; Use the online service for biometric permits.
Sales Progression
Coordinating tasks from offer acceptance to completion—chasing solicitors, surveys, mortgage offers, and searches to reduce fall-throughs.
Our sales progressor will update you weekly.; The valuation is booked—keep the chain informed.; Robust progression cuts days-to-completion.
SDLT (Stamp Duty Land Tax)
A tax paid on property purchases in England and Northern Ireland; rates vary by price, buyer status, and property type.
First-time buyers get SDLT relief up to the threshold.; Model total costs including SDLT.; Non-resident surcharge increases SDLT by 2%.
Section 21 Notice
Notice used by landlords in England to regain possession of an AST without alleging fault, subject to strict compliance prerequisites.
You can’t serve Section 21 without a protected deposit and prescribed info.; Expired EPC or missing How to Rent can invalidate Section 21.; Courts are scrutinising Section 21 timelines.
Tenancy Deposit Protection (TDP)
Legal requirement to protect AST deposits in an approved scheme (DPS, TDS, MyDeposits) and serve prescribed information within 30 days.
The deposit is with TDS—here’s the certificate.; Late protection risks penalties and affects Section 21.; Submit check-out evidence to the TDP adjudicator.
Tenant Fees Act
Legislation in England banning most upfront tenant fees and capping holding/tenancy deposits; applies to agents and landlords.
Referencing fees to tenants are prohibited under the Act.; Holding deposits are capped at one week’s rent.; Charging for check-out inventories is not allowed.
Under Offer / SSTC
Status indicating an offer has been accepted subject to contract (SSTC for sales), before exchange of contracts.
We’ll mark it SSTC on the portals.; Under Offer reduces new viewing requests.; Backup offers can still be registered while SSTC.
Valuation
The process of estimating market value; can be informal (market appraisal) or formal (e.g., RICS Red Book; lenders’ valuations; AVMs).
The lender’s valuation came in lower than the price.; We’ll arrange a market appraisal this week.; AVM estimates need local adjustments.
Vendor
The seller of a property (counterpart to the buyer/purchaser).
We’ve updated the vendor with your offer.; Vendor wants a quick exchange.; Ask the vendor’s solicitor about the title query.
Whole of Market (Mortgage Brokers)
Describes brokers who can access a broad range of lenders; not necessarily literally every lender, but not tied to a single provider.
We’re whole-of-market, so we’ll source widely.; Whole-of-market brokers can compare specialist lenders.; It’s not an exclusive panel—more options for the client.
Yield (Gross/Net)
Return on a rental investment, typically annual rent divided by purchase price (gross) or after costs (net).
Gross yield is 6.0%; net yield after costs is 4.5%.; Target a minimum 125% ICR at stressed rates, then check yield.; Raising rent by £100 lifts yield by 0.4% at this price.
Zoopla
A major UK property portal used for advertising, lead generation, and market data (alongside Rightmove and OnTheMarket).
Upgrade to Zoopla Premium for better visibility.; Compare Zoopla leads with other portals.; Zoopla’s estimates are a starting point—verify with a CMA.
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