Flooring Contractors Industry Terminology
Acclimation
The process of allowing flooring materials to reach equilibrium with jobsite temperature and humidity before installation to minimize dimensional movement after install.
Acclimate the LVP for 48 hours at 65–85°F and 35–55% RH; We stored the engineered wood in the install areas to acclimate; Installation is delayed until the moisture content equilibrates within 2% of the subfloor.
Adhesive (Flooring)
Any bonding material used to adhere floor coverings to the substrate; includes acrylic, pressure-sensitive (PSA), epoxy, urethane, and modified silane (MS) formulations, each with specific trowel sizes, open times, and moisture limits.
Use a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) for carpet tile; Spread acrylic adhesive with a 1/16 in V-notch trowel; The urethane wood adhesive has a 45-minute open time.
ANSI A118 (Setting Materials Standard)
Tile industry standards that define performance requirements for mortars, membranes, and related products (e.g., A118.1, A118.4, A118.10, A118.12, A118.15). Often referenced by architects for compliance.
Spec calls for ANSI A118.15 high-performance thin-set; Use ANSI A118.10 membrane for waterproofing; The crack isolation product must meet ANSI A118.12.
ASTM F1869 (Calcium Chloride Test)
A test method measuring Moisture Vapor Emission Rate (MVER) from concrete, expressed in pounds per 1,000 sq ft per 24 hours. Used to assess moisture suitability for resilient flooring when permitted by spec.
F1869 test shows 4.5 lbs MVER—within adhesive limits; We need three F1869 tests for the first 1,000 sq ft; The spec prohibits F1869 on lightweight concrete.
ASTM F2170 (In-Situ RH Test)
A test method measuring internal relative humidity (RH) within concrete slabs via in-situ probes—typically at 40% slab depth for on-grade. Widely specified for determining slab moisture readiness.
In-situ RH readings average 78% at 40% depth; Install is cleared once RH is below 75% per adhesive; Place probes after the slab is at service conditions.
ASTM F710 (Subfloor Preparation)
A standard practice outlining minimum requirements for preparing concrete floors to receive resilient flooring, including cleanliness, dryness, patching, and removal of contaminants.
F710 requires substrates be clean, dry, and structurally sound; Follow F710 for patching and smoothing steps; Remove curing compounds as directed by F710.
Back Buttering
Applying a thin layer of mortar to the back of a tile or stone piece before setting to improve coverage and bond, especially for large-format units.
Back-butter 24x24 LFT to achieve 95% coverage; Use a margin trowel to back-butter the stone; Back-buttering helps reduce voids and lippage.
Bond Line
The adhesive or mortar interface between the flooring and the substrate; its thickness, continuity, and cleanliness are critical for performance.
Maintain a uniform bond line thickness with the proper trowel; Avoid excessive adhesive that contaminates the bond line; Peeling indicates a weak bond line due to contamination.
Change Order
A formal modification to the contract scope, price, or schedule after award. Documents added work, credit work, or unforeseen conditions.
Add base under casework via CO #5; Moisture mitigation added by change order; CO increases the schedule by three days.
Click-Lock
A mechanical joint system for floating floors (LVP/LVT, laminate, SPC/WPC) where planks/tiles lock together without glue.
The SPC has a 5G click-lock profile; Angle-tap the plank to engage the click; Click systems require a flat substrate to prevent joint stress.
Closeout
The end-of-project process including documentation (warranties, maintenance manuals, as-builts), training, and completion of punch list items to obtain final acceptance.
Submit O&M manuals and warranties at closeout; Schedule owner training before closeout; Punch list items must be cleared for closeout.
Concrete Surface Profile (CSP)
A measure of concrete texture/roughness, typically CSP 1–9 per ICRI. Proper profile improves adhesion of coatings, membranes, and self-levelers.
Shot blast to CSP 3 before epoxy; ICRI chips indicate we achieved CSP 2; SLU manufacturer requires CSP 3–5.
Cove Base
Resilient (rubber or vinyl) molding installed at the floor-to-wall transition to protect walls and provide a clean finish. Available in straight or cove toe profiles.
Install 4 in rubber cove base with cove toe; Outside corners require pre-molded cove pieces; Use contact adhesive for cove base on columns.
Coverage Rate
The amount of area a product covers per unit (e.g., sf/gal, sf/bag) under specified application conditions and thickness. Critical for estimating and QA.
Adhesive coverage is 250–300 sf/gal with 1/16 in V-notch; One bag of SLU covers 50 sf at 1/8 in; Estimate sealer at 400 sf/gal per coat.
Crack Isolation Membrane
A membrane installed to reduce the transfer of non-structural substrate cracks into tile or stone finishes by accommodating limited in-plane movement.
Specify a membrane meeting ANSI A118.12; Treat existing cracks with a 3x width band; Use a full-field membrane for higher risk slabs.
Cure Time
The time required for an adhesive, mortar, coating, or underlayment to fully develop properties (strength, hardness, chemical resistance). Distinct from open or working time.
Allow 72 hours before heavy traffic; Epoxy needs a full cure before resinous topcoat; Grout haze removal after mortar cure per data sheet.
Deflection (L/360)
The allowable bending of a substrate under load, commonly expressed as a span ratio (e.g., L/360). Limits are critical for tile/stone performance.
Verify framing meets L/360 for ceramic tile; Natural stone requires L/720; Excess deflection causes cracked grout lines.
Densifier (Concrete)
A reactive chemical (often silicate-based) that hardens and dust-proofs concrete by forming additional C-S-H; used in polished concrete systems.
Apply lithium silicate at 400 sf/gal; Densify at 200–400 grit in the polish sequence; Excess densifier must be scrubbed off before it gels.
Digital Takeoff
Measuring and quantifying materials and labor from digital drawings using software to improve accuracy and speed in estimating.
Use PlanSwift for quantified takeoffs; Overlay revisions to update quantities; Export cut lists and waste factors from the takeoff.
Epoxy Moisture Mitigation
A resinous system applied to concrete to control excessive moisture vapor emissions and RH, creating a suitable surface for floor coverings.
Install a two-coat epoxy MVS up to 100% RH; Shot blast before epoxy per manufacturer; Broadcast sand to rejection for mechanical bond.
Expansion Gap
A gap left at perimeters and fixed objects to allow flooring movement due to changes in temperature and humidity, preventing buckling or peaking.
Leave 1/4 in perimeter gap on floating LVP; Add T-mold at doorway breaks to allow movement; Cover expansion gaps with base/shoe.
Feather Finish
A fine, polymer-modified patch/skim coat used to smooth minor imperfections, typically workable to a zero edge and fast curing.
Skim the substrate to a true feather edge; Use polymer-modified feather finish under LVT; Fast-drying patch allows same-day install.
FF/FL Numbers
Quantitative measures of concrete floor flatness (FF) and levelness (FL) per ACI 117. Higher FF is especially important for large-format tile and click floors.
The slab meets FF 50/FL 35; LFT requires higher flatness—request a bump grind; Verify FF/FL within 72 hours of placement.
Floating Floor
A floor system not mechanically fastened or adhered to the substrate; relies on perimeter gaps and underlayment for performance.
Install vapor underlayment under the floating laminate; Do not pin through a floating floor; Maintain expansion joints at transitions.
FloorScore
An indoor air quality certification for hard surface flooring, adhesives, and underlayments that meet low-VOC emissions criteria.
Select FloorScore-certified LVT for IAQ credits; Provide FloorScore certificates in submittals; The adhesive is FloorScore compliant.
Grind and Seal
A concrete finish where the surface is mechanically ground and then sealed/coated (not fully polished). Provides a uniform, sealed appearance.
Diamond-grind to 80 grit then apply sealer; Use a high-build polyaspartic for chemical resistance; Address pinholes before final coat.
Grout (Sanded/Unsanded/Epoxy)
Material used to fill tile joints. Sanded for wider joints, unsanded for narrow or soft stone, epoxy/urethane for high-performance, stain-resistant applications.
Use unsanded grout for 1/16 in joints; Epoxy grout for commercial kitchens; Mock-up grout color for owner approval.
IIC (Impact Insulation Class)
A rating of a floor-ceiling assembly’s resistance to impact noise (footfall). Higher numbers indicate better impact sound isolation.
The assembly must achieve IIC 60; Add sound underlayment to raise IIC; Provide Delta IIC data for the click LVP system.
Janka Hardness
A measure of wood species hardness based on the force required to embed a steel ball. Guides durability expectations for hardwood flooring.
White oak is ~1360 Janka; Softer species dent under heavy furniture; Specify harder species for commercial traffic.
Knee Kicker
A carpet installation tool used to position and lightly tension carpet before final stretching and attachment.
Use a knee kicker for carpet positioning at walls; Final stretch with a power stretcher per CRI 104/105; Avoid over-kicking to prevent seam peaking.
Large Format Tile (LFT)
Tile with at least one edge 15 in (or larger area), requiring flatter substrates, appropriate mortars, and additional handling to prevent lippage.
12x24 tile qualifies as LFT; Use LHT (medium-bed) mortar for LFT; Check substrate flatness—1/8 in in 10 ft tolerance.
LEED
A green building rating system by USGBC. Flooring can contribute via low-emitting materials, recycled content, EPDs/HPDs, and acoustics credits.
Submit EPDs and HPDs for LEED v4; Low-emitting adhesives contribute to IEQc2; Regional content may apply to base materials.
LVT/LVP
Luxury Vinyl Tile/Plank—durable resilient products available in glue-down or floating formats, with wear layers rated in mils and diverse visuals.
Specify 20 mil wear layer for heavy traffic; Use click LVP for floating installation; Heat-weld seams for sheet goods, not LVT.
Mil Thickness
A measurement of film thickness where 1 mil equals 0.001 inch. Used for coatings, membranes, and wear layers.
Apply 12 wet mils per coat; Verify dry film thickness with a gauge; Moisture barrier requires 15 mils DFT.
Mobilization
The process and cost of moving crew, equipment, and materials to the site and setting up for production.
Schedule mobilization after substrate sign-off; Mobilization includes material delivery and staging; Bill a mobilization line item on the first pay app.
Modified Silane (MS) Adhesive
A hybrid polymer, moisture-curing adhesive that offers strong bond, elasticity, and low emissions without isocyanates; used for wood and resilient.
Choose low-VOC MS adhesive for wood; MS handles slight moisture better than acrylic; Trowel and roll MS adhesive per spec.
Moisture Vapor Emission Rate (MVER)
The rate of moisture vapor leaving a concrete slab, reported as pounds per 1,000 sq ft per 24 hours from ASTM F1869 testing.
Adhesive limit is 5 lbs MVER; MVER from F1869 conflicts with RH from F2170—follow spec; Mitigate if MVER exceeds limits.
Open Time
The time after adhesive is applied during which flooring can be placed and achieve proper transfer. Affected by temperature, humidity, and porosity.
Wait 10–20 minutes for tack (open time) before laying tile; Exceeded open time—re-apply adhesive; Open time shortens in warm, dry rooms.
OSHA Silica Rule
Regulation 29 CFR 1926.1153 limiting worker exposure to respirable crystalline silica; mandates controls, PPE, training, and recordkeeping.
Use HEPA vacs and shrouds per Table 1; Conduct exposure monitoring for grinding tasks; Provide silica awareness training and medical surveillance as required.
Pattern Match (Carpet)
Aligning carpet patterns across seams and runs so visuals are continuous; requires allowances for repeat, bow, skew, and tolerances per industry standards.
Layout accounts for a 36 in pattern repeat; Correct bow/skew per CRI 104; Add waste factor for pattern matching.
Pot Life
The usable time of a mixed multi-component product before it thickens or cures and becomes unworkable.
Epoxy has a 20-minute pot life at 70°F; Mix smaller batches to extend pot life; Discard material after pot life expires.
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
Safety gear such as gloves, eye protection, respirators, and knee pads used to protect installers from hazards.
Wear cut-resistant gloves when trimming; Use respirators during grinding; Safety glasses required when mixing SLU.
Primers (Substrate)
Surface treatments that promote adhesion, control porosity, or improve moisture tolerance before applying underlayments, adhesives, or coatings.
Prime porous concrete before SLU; Use epoxy primer over non-porous surfaces; Follow recoat windows on primers.
Punch List
A list of incomplete or deficient work identified near project completion that must be addressed before final acceptance.
Replace scratched planks on the punch list; Re-caulk base at columns; Walkthrough scheduled to close out punch items.
Relative Humidity (RH)
The amount of moisture in the air (or within a slab via in-situ probes) relative to the maximum the air (or slab) can hold at that temperature.
Maintain ambient RH 35–55% during and after install; In-situ slab RH must be below 75% per spec; Use data loggers to track RH.
STC (Sound Transmission Class)
A rating of an assembly’s resistance to airborne sound transmission (voices, music). Higher STC indicates better sound isolation.
Assembly requires STC 55 for condos; Add mass to increase STC; Provide acoustical test reports for the floor-ceiling system.
Subfloor
The structural layer (e.g., concrete, plywood, OSB) that supports the underlayment and finished flooring.
Replace damaged OSB subfloor panels; Check subfloor flatness before click LVP; Add 1/4 in underlayment over the subfloor for resilient.
Substrate Preparation
All activities required to bring the surface to a condition suitable for the specified flooring: cleaning, profiling, leveling, patching, and testing.
Shot blast, vacuum, and prime per manufacturer; Patch divots and skim low areas; Remove adhesives and curing compounds before install.
TCNA Handbook
Industry handbook (Tile Council of North America) providing standardized methods and details for tile installation across assemblies and conditions.
Follow TCNA F144 for wood subfloor tile; Use EJ171 for movement joints; Reference TCNA methods in submittals.
Trowel Notch
The size and shape of a trowel’s teeth (V, square, U) that control adhesive/mortar application thickness and coverage.
Use 1/4x3/8 in square-notch for LFT; Change to V-notch for PSA; Proper notch ensures 80–95% mortar coverage.
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